# PTS Checklist ## TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS 1. Flight instrument systems and their operating characteristics to include: - [x] [[Pitot-static System]] - [ ] [[Attitude Indicator]] - [ ] heading indicator/horizontal situation indicator/radio magnetic indicator - [x] magnetic compass - [ ] turn-and-slip indicator/turn coordinator - [ ] electrical system - [ ] vacuum system - [ ] electronic engine instrument display - [ ] primary flight display, if installed. 2. Navigation equipment and their operating characteristics to include: - [x] [[VHF Omnirange (VOR)]] - [ ] [[Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)]] - [ ] ILS - [ ] marker beacon receiver/indicators - [ ] ADF - [ ] transponder/altitude encoding - [ ] electronic flight instrument display - [ ] GPS - [ ] automatic pilot - [ ] FMS - [ ] multifunction display 3. Anti-ice/deicing and weather detection equipment and their operating characteristics to include— - [ ] airframe - [ ] propeller or rotor - [ ] air intake - [ ] fuel system - [ ] pitot-static system - [ ] radar/lightning detection system - [ ] other inflight weather systems. # 10/6/2025 ## [[Pitot-static System]] - I would clarify that the pitot heat will still count as anti / de icing equipment even though the airplane is not certificated for flight into known icing conditions > [!info] [Aneroid Definition](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aneroid) > **:** using no liquid > specifically **:** operating by the effect of outside air pressure on a diaphragm forming one wall of an evacuated container - including the types of altitudes is especially useful as there are a lot of instrument written questions that use these different altitudes - when discussing altimeter errors, include effects of temperature in explanation -> for the systems description you don't have to go in depth on those procedures (ex approaches) but it is good to include - VSI / Airspeed / Altimeter - include descriptions of how these instruments would work in relation to the analog instrumentation as well as which parts of the G1000 it would connect to - make sure to emphasize that malfunctions are a required report ![[IFR Required Malfunction Reports]] ## [[VHF Omnirange (VOR)]] - [ ] review [[VHF Omnirange (VOR)#Identifying VORs|Identifying VOR Service Volume from Chart]] - I would include specifically information about identifying the navaid service volumes showing how to identify the VOR / other service volumes - for example, a VORTAC will have two service volumes published, one for the VOR and one for the TACAN - include how you can listen into the morse code identifier on the G1000 - use VOR picture from G1000 as we don't have an analog VOR receiver -> each dot is going to be about 4 degrees - very important distinction -> the TO/FROM indication has nothing to do with the direction the airplane is pointed, it has to do with its relative position to the VOR - [ ] review [TO / FROM Confusion Article](https://upperlimitaviation.edu/vors-avoiding-confusion-with-the-to-from-flag/) > [!info] VOR Distance Off Course > ## VOR Distance Off Course > The 60-1 rule can be used to estimate distance off course when navigating using VORs: > $\frac{d}{60}*x=error$ > where > - $d$ is the distance from the station > - $x$ is the angular deviation from the desired course (degrees off course) > ### Example > 15nm away from the VOR, the pilot notices the CDI indicates 2° off course. > $\frac{15}{60}*2°=0.5$ > The aircraft is 0.5nm off course. - [ ] review [[VOR Inspection]] - [ ] make sure that you include in presentation how to actually find the VOR / VOT test facilities ## Magnetic Compass - good note about the fluid inside of it - good note about reading the magnetic compass ## Aeromedical Factors - I would add information for all of the scenarios that could lead to spatial disorientation - [ ] [Pilot Institute: Illusions](https://pilotinstitute.com/illusions-explained/) - if you bring up the pulse oximeter: make sure to include that it is not accurate for carbon monoxide poisoning --- # 9/29/2025 - [ ] [G1000 Pilots Guide](https://static.garmin.com/pumac/190-00498-08_0A_Web.pdf) ## Pitot Static System - overall good job - a good review of the altimeter: [Bold Method: Altimeter](https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/systems/how-does-an-aircraft-altimeter-work-in-flight/) ## Attitude Indicator - [ ] review [Video: Pendulous Vanes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_MoS5Yw9ZgE) ## Magnetic Compass - UNOS and ANDS - [ ] [[Heading Indicator and Magnetic Compass]] - remember that these are not caused by magnetic variation, it has to due with the ## Navigation Equipment - [ ] review [[VHF Omnirange (VOR)]] - [ ] review [[Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)]] - [ ] review [Bold Method: ILS](https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/systems/ils-how-the-instrument-landing-system-works/) - GPS - [ ] review [FAA how does GPS work?](https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/navservices/gnss/gps/howitworks) - [ ] review [FAA how does WAAS work?](https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/navservices/gnss/waas/howitworks) - [ ] review [Video: RAIM](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ESZcUCKieA) ## Weather Information - good job with atmospheric stability - [ ] review [[Known Icing Conditions.pdf]] - [ ] review [Tailplane stalls](https://www.pilotmall.com/blogs/news/tailplane-stall-the-aerodynamics-how-you-can-recover) - good job with weather displays (NEXRAD) ## Cross Country Flight Planning - [ ] review [[IFR Alternate Planning Flow Chart]] - [ ] review [Bold Method: IFR Alternate Planning](https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/regulations/how-to-plan-an-ifr-alternate-airport-jeppesen/) - you can plan GPS approach at destination and alternate when you have WAAS ## Flying - [ ] review [Bold Method: DME Arc livestream](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWoaDNbezQA) - [ ] review [Bold Method: Holding procedures article](https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/maneuvers/what-you-should-know-about-holding-for-ifr-pilots/) - [ ] review [Bold Method: Holding pattern entries](https://www.boldmethod.com/blog/video/2019/04/holding-pattern-entries/) - [ ] review [Bold Method: Holding pattern wind correction](https://www.boldmethod.com/blog/video/2019/05/holding-pattern-wind-correction/)