# To Review - [ ] review [NASA: Lift from Flow Turning](https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/right2.html) - [ ] review [Aerodynamics of a Stall](https://fly8ma.com/topic/stall-aerodynamics/) - [ ] [Bold Method: Aerodynamics of Steep Turns](https://www.boldmethod.com/blog/lists/2024/04/the-aerodynamics-of-a-steep-turn-maneuver/) - [ ] review [Bold Method: Aerodynamics of Slow Flight](https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/aerodynamics/the-aerodynamics-of-slow-flight/) - [ ] review [Bold Method Video: How Stalls Happen](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oRCaOPRoJnQ) # 10 /12/2024 - # 10/12/2024 --- # 9/7/2024 ## Things for you to Practice at Home - [ ] taxi around the airport and consistently apply different crosswind corrections and make sure you are adding backpressure for every single taxi turn - takeoff and landing practice at leesburg - good job with go arounds --- # 8/30/2024 - [Scenario 4: Progress Check Review Oral Practice](https://ftp.flightlogger.net/users/103463/user_programs/199474/user_lectures/new?booking_id=6432686&offline=true&redirect_key=user_103463) ## Additional Items to Study in Preparation for the Progress Check - [ ] go through the flows and amplified checklist for the preflight inspection so that you feel more comfortable with everything that you are checking - [ ] each component of the fuel system ## Four Forces - the four forces are equal in ==**unaccelerated flight**== - instead of weight, its gravity ## V Speeds - $V_X$ is best angle of climb speed ## Checklist Usage - good job ## Engine Oil - just remember cleaning and sealing the engine ## Powerplant - remember that the engine produces 180 horsepower at 2700 RPM - the engine is the Lycoming IO-360-l2A ## Ignition System <div class=iframe-container> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/P5JWuYvf1Jk?si=cSZ70XbXuOiByIHz" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <div class="iframe-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/DAntiSOgh5k?si=rtT9SKHEUHzyDIa0" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> ## Fuel System - 56 gallons total, 53 gallons usable - tab fuel is 35 gallons - [ ] ==***make sure to memorize all components of the fuel system from the POH***== ## Stall Aerodynamics - good job talking about recovery - good note about reasons to reduce power during stall recover, ==but...== - ==**the main reason that we reduce power during stall recovery is to reduce angle of attack**== ## ACS - airmen certification standards --- # 8/17/2024 - make sure to place chalks behind the back seat ## Slow Flight: Landing Config - make sure you are confident with power settings and target speeds for the maneuver - for landing configuration we reduce power to 1500 RPM not 1200 RPM - add power 5 knots above target airspeed to avoid sinking - focus on the entry into the maneuver being the transition from a cruise pitch attitude and sight picture to the normal slow flight pitch attitude and sight picture - you were doing great once we got established in the maneuver but the entry can help a huge amount in making for a stable maneuver - continue increasing pitch to maintain altitude until you reach that slow flight sight picture - keep your focus outside!!!! ## Power off Stall: Landing Config - make sure you stay on your set heading before starting the maneuver - while you are adding power and starting to increase pitch, add rudder simultaneously ## Power on Stall - notice how when I turned the PFD off you did it amazingly well!!! - keep this in mind, you should be focused mainly outside! ## Steep Turns - great job once we were established - remember to think about the entry as transitioning from our cruse sight picture to the steep turn sight picture - which is why it is very important to know these sight pictures very well so that you can focus mainly outside ## Turns Around a Point ![[Pasted image 20240817092941.png]] - nice! - good job holding altitude and airspeed was consistent - try to get stabilized on your altitude and airspeed a little bit earlier before entering the maneuver, however ## Go Around - remember, pitch and power, stabilized, *then flaps* - otherwise good job ## Normal Landing - great job with maintaining a consistent descend airspeed --- # 8/16/2024 - [ ] review [[Lift Generatation Explanations]] --- # 8/15/2024 - [x] make sure to finish phase 2 quiz - [SCENARIO 4: PROGRESS CHECK REVIEW(Repetition)](https://ftp.flightlogger.net/users/103463/user_programs/199474/user_lectures/6452918/edit?booking_id=6432683&offline=true&redirect_key=user_103463) ## Lift Production - think about newtons third law - review the NASA flow turning article and practice giving an explanation - you want to both understand it and also be able to explain it to someone else, this is one of those things you will be tested on repeatedly ## Stalls - review the link above regarding the aerodynamics of stalls and be ready to explain how they work ## Simulator Session (preparation for phase 2 progress check) - we like to keep in air frequencies (tower and practice area) in com 1 and keep ground frequencies on com 2 (ground and ATIS) - this allows us to check that both com 1 and com 2 are working properly so that we don't have to do a formal radio check - otherwise good job going through the checklist, but practice flows so that you can get comfortable with the do verify method of doing the checklist - good job doing the brake check - this is easy to forget!! - make sure that you are briefing where there are hotspots near or on your taxi routing - good job checking both approach ends and the runway before crossing and making sure to turn on the lights before crossing - do the line up checklist before requesting a takeoff clearance up to the "after cleared onto runway" section - don't forget to bug altitude you are going to before departure - this helps aid in situational awareness and where you need to level off --- # 8/3/2024 ## Radio Communications - when calling ground or tower, you do not need to include N - For example, instead of saying "N422CB" you can say ""Skyhawk 422CB" ## Takeoff - make sure to call out "engine instruments normal" and "airspeed alive and climbing" when checking each during the takeoff - always better to know early so we can abort takeoff ## Basic Instrument Maneuvers - good note about turning around or descending depending on how we enter into the clouds - good note about using 121.5 - like the notes about what to say ## Slow Flight - make sure to memorize target airspeeds for slow flight landing and takeoff configuration - don't forget pre maneuver checklist before all maneuvers! - make sure to focus on mainly changing airspeed using pitch and mainly changing altitude using power - try to correct immediately when off of your altitude, even if you're only off by a small amount like 50 feet - accept no deviation! ## Power off Stall ## Power on Stall ## Steep Turns - make sure to bug your entry heading - we had a heading selected about 10 degrees off of our entry heading - don't forget about power and trim before and during the entry and during the maneuver itself!! - make your life easy! this will allow you to make more granular adjustments throughout the maneuver which will lead to you flying it better - remember to lead your rollout by $\frac{1}{2}$ the bank angle - altitude within ACS tolerances - airspeed within ACS tolerances - heading roll out off by about 15 degrees ## Descent at Approach Airspeed ## Approach and Landing --- # 7/31/2024 - Scenario 4: Progress Check Review ## Ground ### V Speeds - nice job - remember to keep in mind which speed is in calibrated vs indicated airspeed - remembering the indicated airspeed is more important when actually flying the airplane ### Checklist Use - perfect - keep in mind to practice those flows!! ### Collision Avoidance - good note about checking in a turn ## Weather Information - [ ] review [[Cool METARS]] ## Positive Exchange of Flight Controls - remember to always visually check that someone is on the flight controls ### Aerodynamics - Four Forces - remember that these are equal when we are in unaccelerated flight ### Aerodynamics - Production of Lift - [ ] review [NASA: Lift from Flow Turning](https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/right2.html) - remember that the pressure explanation using bernoullis principle is discussed in the PHAK, but you want to be able to explain it using Newton's Third law ### Aerodynamics - Stalls/Spins - remember the acronym PARE - power idle - ailerons neutral - rudder opposite direction - elevator foreward - remember that the reason for reducing power to idle isn't to not accelerate towards the ground but to reduce the anlge of attack - nice not about aileron usage ## Powerplant - very nice job ## Ignition System - amazing! --- # 7/24/2024 - ground trainer "Making Steep Turns" ## Steep Turns - great job getting used the the sight picture outside ## Instrument Maneuvers - great job! - practiced slow flight and stalls in instrument conditions - continue to practice in the simulator with your instrument scan, but great aircraft control - don't forget to use about 15 degrees of bank to maintain a standard rate turn - remember that the emergency frequency is 121.5 --- # 7/13/2024 - don't forget to check the rudder when checking the flight controls - do climb checklist crossing 1000 feet AGL ## Taxi - remember to pull back on the elevator when turning while taxiing - check RPM periodically when taxiing, you should be at about 900 RPM - you might need a little bit extra to get the airplane moving, but then reduce power back to 900 once we start moving ## Normal Takeoff - keep heels on the ground so that the balls of your feet are on the bottom of the rudder pedals - this helps you to avoid pressing the brakes to turn the airplane on the ground ## Turns Around a Point - when the winds are light, you don't have to do too much with your bank angle!! - remember that if there is no wind, you actually can just hold the same bank angle throughout the maneuver - give yourself plenty of time to enter the maneuver - this will let you get setup and trimmed out for the altitude and airspeed you are trying to maintain - you don't want to find yourself correcting for your altitude (which in turn changes you airspeed and therefore also your ground speed) right before going in because this will just complicate - good job periodically checking inside while mainly focusing outside ![[Pasted image 20240713083425.png]] ## S Turns - remember to pick a road that is perpendicular to the road - ![[Pasted image 20240713084106.png]] - don't forget to use your rudders!! - this will allow you to not require such a steep bank angle ## Power off Stall - be a little bit faster with bringing the flaps in so that you are configured before reaching 65 knots ## Normal Approach and Landing - great job for your first time - make sure to continue pulling back on the elevator as the airplane slows down - remember that the flight controls become less and less effective as airspeed decreases --- # 7/10/2024 - ground trainer: correcting for the wind in flight lesson - remember to pick a reference point after takeoff that can help keep you aligned with the runway - you can also always look behind you at the runway to check if you are still lined up ## Turns Around a Point ![[Pasted image 20240710175022.png]] - great job for your first time - first lap confused point - not a huge deal especially since we were getting back into VR mode - reduce the bank angle a little bit more when turning into the headwind portion of the maneuver - remember that you are turning at the same *rate* but since you have a slower ground speed your will turn more because you will be turning for a longer period of time --- # 7/6/2024 - good job strapping bags in the back seat - make sure to turn off all lights after the walk around (except for beacon) ## Slow Flight - make sure to slowly pitch the nose up as the airplane slows down - this will help avoid losing altitude during the entry into the maneuver - good job holding airspeed once we were established in the maneuver - when entering a turn, you can go ahead and add a little bit of power (about 100 RPM) because you are going to reduce your vertical lift component ## Power Off Stall - make sure to focus on your reference point outside to keep the airplane on the correct heading - call out stall warning horn and stall - lead the 65 knot descent by about 5 knots so that you establish yourself at 65 knots - don't worry too much about getting to a perfect 1500 RPM, focus on getting about there so that you can focus on controlling the airplane ## Power on Stall - continually increase pitch to maintain altitude as the airplane slows down to 55 knots - be very careful with the rudder - apply right rudder as you're adding power and pitching up - notice how we had a left wing drop in the stall - this is because you had excessive right rudder and then let it out right before the stall --- # 6/26/2024 - great job clearing before all turns - continue to practice crosswind taxi corrections in the simulator - overall good aircraft control - chair fly all flows to become more comfortable with them, this will make us more efficient in the airplane ## Slow Flight - good job - airspeed and altitudes were good - busted through heading when you were trying to level off and turn at the same time, but that's normal as you're getting more comfortable doing different things at the same time ## Power off Stall - good job - remember to be a little quicker bringing the flaps out because were only going down to 65 knots instead of 50 for slow flight --- # 6/19/2024 - when reading back a takeoff clearance, always read back "cleared for takeoff" instead of "cleared for departure" ## Slow Flight (clean) - really good job - remember that when you're doing a climb, you still want to maintain your target airspeed - that being said, you held $V_Y$ nicely! :) - good job with recovery ## Slow Flight (Landing Configuration) - good job - good job with climbs and descents - don't bring flaps up for a climb in slow flight, the goal is to maintain the same configuration throughout the maneuver ![[Pasted image 20240619161047.png]] - you had a tendency to slowly turn the airplane to the left throughout the maneuver - first thing you want to do when going into a maneuver is pick a visual reference point that you can line up with - this is the easiest way to maintain heading because you can just see the point right in front of you as you're looking outside - the other thing that you want to do is set your heading bug on the heading you want to maintain - you should mainly use this as a backup to your reference point because it will force you to look inside more --- # 6/12/2024 - great job today - [ ] review [Bold Method: Overcontrolling the Airplane](https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/maneuvers/how-to-prevent-over-controlling-your-plane-on-final/#:~:text=It's%20called%20over%2Dcontrolling%2C%20and,aircraft%20with%20minimal%20control%20inputs.) - [ ] review pitch and power table for $V_Y$ and $V_X$ climbs and descents, as well as cruise climb - you can use $\frac{1}{10}th$ of your VSI to estimate when you should start to level off from a climb or descent - you can use half of your bank angle to determine when to start a rollout - good job with straight and level flight - any time you are changing the configuration of the airplane, complete the appropriate checklist - leveling off from a climb or descent $\rightarrow$ cruise checklist - initiating a climb $\rightarrow$ climb checklist - starting a descent $\rightarrow$ descent checklist - make sure with the checklist that you're not just doing the items in the flow but also verifying each item on the checklist - verbally verify that you are doing each item so I can hear you (good experience for a crewed environment to make it clear what each person is doing at any given time) --- # 6/8/2024 - continue to chair fly checklist items, this will allow you to become proficient in the flows - notice how when you started a climb and then went to do the climb checklist, you let your hand off the yoke and allowed the nose to come down - it can take a while to get comfortable with the motion in the airplane, so feeling motion sick is normal - try to focus on looking outside - it can help to angle the vents towards your face or body to make yourself feel better - avoid reducing power before reaching the altitude that you want to go to - allow the plane to level off, accelerate, and then reduce power, then trim - lift the wing before starting a turn to check for traffic --- # 6/5/2024 - very nice to meet you - feel free to contact me anytime with questions about how we do things or questions that come about - nice job going ahead and starting on the Cessna ground school, that is something that you want to keep up to date on - when you are reviewing things - I love to talk about airplanes so don't think that you're being a bother - covered standard operating procedures, pitch and power table, checklist (including checklist usage methods) - preflight inspection - I recommend continuing to practice with this both at home and with an actual airplane if you get the chance - checklist - *char fly everything!!* $\rightarrow$ this can be super helpful when you are starting out and trying to divide your attention between a checklist and flying the airplane - nice job coming in prepared and having reviewed the information on flight logger, keep up the good work! - [ ] review the AATD brief before we meet on saturday