- arrived about 25 minutes late # Recheck Required - [ ] [[#Locating ATC Frequencies]] - [ ] [[#Alternate Plans of Action]] - [ ] [[#Flight Plan]] - [ ] [[#Cross Country Flight Planning / Navlog]] - [ ] [[#Weather Information / Weather Theory]] - [ ] [[#Preflight Preparation]] - [ ] [[#AIRMET / SIGMET / CWA]] - [ ] [[#Thunderstorms]] - [ ] [[#Icing]] - [ ] [[#Surface Analysis Chart]] - [ ] [[#Fronts]] - [ ] Incomplete - [ ] Performance and Limitations - [ ] Weight and Balance - [ ] Airspace - [ ] Radio Frequencies and Procedures - [ ] VFR weather minimums - [ ] Runway Incursion Avoidance - [ ] Lost Procedures - [ ] Required Logbook / Certificate Endorsements # Preflight Preparation - plan an alternate always!!!!!! # Cross Country Flight Planning / Navlog - make sure to pick an alternate and put it on navlog - you put 30 gallons for alternate in fuel management table but no alternate (30 gallons would be a significant amount) - you shouldn't just use a random amount of extra fuel (you should reasonably calculate the amount of fuel that would be required for the flight and consider the risks of the individual flight) - in the fuel management table the alternate airport fuel should be fuel to an alternate airport (not reserve) # Route Planning - not bad, good usage of arial map to aid in understanding how checkpoints will look from the air and verify that they are good points - don't worry about having fixes a little bit close, you did well making sure that you weren't going a long period before your next checkpoint # Weather Information / Weather Theory - there is no such thing as an "FAA approved" weather source -> there is not a list of sources that the FAA publishes stating which things you can use to get weather information - ==**the advantage of using 1800WXBRIEF or ForeFlight weather briefings is that they are recorded**== - used weather briefing that was 4 hours outdated - ==**don't use an outdated weather briefing!! New information could have been released that would make doing the flight extremely hazardous!!!!!**== ## AIRMET / SIGMET / CWA - [ ] review [AIM 7-1-6](https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_1.html#$paragraph7-1-6) ### Convective SIGMET - stated unscheduled - ==**you need to know what can be included in convective SIGMET**== 1. Severe thunderstorm due to: 1. Surface winds greater than or equal to 50 knots. 2. Hail at the surface greater than or equal to 3/4 inches in diameter. 3. Tornadoes. 2. Embedded thunderstorms. 3. A line of thunderstorms. 4. Thunderstorms producing precipitation greater than or equal to heavy precipitation affecting 40 percent or more of an area at least 3,000 square miles. - ==**stated AIRMETs were for lower flight levels and convective SIGMETs were for all flight levels**== > [!info] Convective SIGMET Times (AIM 7-1-6) > Bulletins are issued hourly at H+55. Special bulletins are issued at any time as required and updated at H+55. If no criteria meeting convective [SIGMET](https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/pcg_html/glossary-s.html#$SIGMET) requirements are observed or forecasted, the message “CONVECTIVE SIGMET... NONE” will be issued for each area at H+55 ### AIRMET > [!info] AIRMET Times (AIM 7-1-6) > | | | | |---|---|---| |**Product Type**|**Issuance Time**|**Issuance Frequency**| |AIRMETs over the Contiguous U.S.|0245, 0845, 1445, 2045 UTC|Every 6 hours| |AIRMETs over Alaska|0515, 1315, 2115 UTC <br>(standard time)<br><br>0415, 1215, 2015 UTC <br>(Daylight savings time)|Every 8 hours| |AIRMETs over Hawaii|0400, 1000, 1600, 2200 UTC|Every 6 hours| - ==**stated thunderstorms would be included in an IFR AIRMET**== - Instrument flight rule conditions (ceiling < 1000' and/or surface visibility < 3 miles) (AIM 7-1-6) - ==**stated AIRMETs are released as they are picked up on the radar and are not scheduled**== - asked about what severity of turbulence included in AIRMET - ==**stated low and high severity**== (reading from ForeFlight briefing) - asked what it would mean if there was an AIRMET Zulu in effect what that would indicate - was able to find answer ### SIGMET - ==**stated SIGMET would include "regular hazards that aren't necessarily dangerous"**== > [!info] SIGMET issuance criteria (AIM 7-1-6) > (SIGMETs) Are issued when the following phenomena occur or are expected to occur: > 1. Severe icing not associated with thunderstorms. > 2. Severe or extreme turbulence or clear air turbulence ([CAT](https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/pcg_html/glossary-c.html#$CAT)) not associated with thunderstorms. > 3. Widespread dust storms or sandstorms lowering surface visibilities to below 3 miles. > 4. Volcanic ash. - ==**stated SIGMET would include large or clear ice instead of AIRMET**== - then stated "since clear ice is bigger that would be a convective SIGMET" ## Icing - stated that "icing would be stated in the METAR" - asked which conditions would be required for ice formation - ==**stated "temperature and dewpoint would have to be minimal"**== - asked if we could get icing at 10 degrees celsius, stated it depends on the temperature and dewpoint meeting - stated need water vapor for ice - this is not true, you need visible moisture ## Surface Analysis Chart - asked about a trough that was overlaying florida - ==**stated "there is pressure movement throughout where the line is going"**== - ==**stated tough is mixture of pressure, this is incorrect it is low pressure**== - ==**make sure that you understand what high and low pressure implies for weather**== - ==**stated that isoboar lines close together meant high pressure**== - it means a higher pressure gradient, not high or low pressure ## Thunderstorms - [ ] review [Bold Method: How Thunderstorms Form](https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/weather/how-thunderstorms-form-instability-lapse-rate/) - asked what is required for thunderstorms to form -> correct - ==**stated "the hot air goes up because its dense and it starts to turn into moisture and then heats up again"**== - I did not understand explanation - asked about the stages of a thunderstorm - correct ## Fronts - asked about occluded front weather, just stated fog # Cross Country Flight Planning and Performance # Airplane Performance and Limitations # Weight and Balance # Flight Plan - asked if would file alternate, **==stated would not file an alternate==** - ==**stated if something happened, would file an alternate in the air**== - asked about how to contact flight service in the air to file alternate, was able to find a frequency on foreflight page for KPIE but could not find frequency on sectional - ==**asked to show me where the flight service radio station is and could not find it, I asked why it would be important to know where it is and stated "if I need to go there"**== - remember that VHF frequencies are based on line of sight, so you can easily be out of range on a specific frequency (also you were not using the published frequency for PIE (St. Pete Radio)) - ==**stated would always be in range because would be handed off to different flight service on the way there**== # Airspace # Radio Frequencies and Procedures # Locating ATC Frequencies - see [[#Flight Plan]] - asked about picking up flight following in the air - stated would call 122.2 and ask them to open up flight plan - ==**remember this is not the same thing as flight following, these are separate things**== - then stated would request flight following from orlando executive (on south shore of lake apopka), then I asked how would get flight following when departing from KVDF - ==**stated would contact KLAL tower for flight following departing KVDF**== # VFR Weather Minimums # Runway Incursion Avoidance # Lost Procedures # Required Logbook / Cert Endorsements # Alternate Plans of Action - you are *required (legally and as a safe pilot)* to plan an alternate > [!info] 91.103(a): Preflight Action > For a flight under IFR or a flight not in the vicinity of an airport, weather reports and forecasts, fuel requirements, *alternatives available if the planned flight cannot be completed*, and any known traffic delays of which the pilot in command has been advised by ATC; - ==**stated that alternate is the same thing as a diversion**== - yes, you can divert to an alternate airport, but you need to plan ahead for where to go